Civil Aviation Customer Satisfaction Automatic Evaluation System

In 2021, the airline industry was affected by COVID-19, and many airlines suffered losses. The main reason for the loss were the decline in revenue and the surge in costs. Therefore, in terms of creating the competitive advantage of airlines, "price war" is no longer applicable, and improving service quality has become an effective means. Customer satisfaction is the most effective indicator to measure service quality. In this study, a satisfaction evaluation system is established based on structural equation model and customer satisfaction importance matrix. Then, a questionnaire is designed to analyze the influence of different factors on customer satisfaction. The research finds that brand image and perceived quality have a great impact on customer satisfaction. In addition, some suggestions for airlines to improve customer satisfaction are given. © 2023 SPIE.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chain in UAE Food Sector

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted supply chains and has caused several supply chain disruptions in almost all industries worldwide. Moreover, increased transportation costs, labor shortages, and insufficient storage facilities have all led to food loss during the pandemic, and this disruption has affected the logistics in the food value chain. As a result, we examine the food supply chain, which is one of the key industries COVID-19 has detrimentally affected, impacting, indeed, on the entire business process from the supplier all the way to the customer. Retail businesses are thus facing supply issues, which affect consumer behavior by creating stress regarding the availability of food. This has a negative impact on the amount of food that is available as well as its quality, freshness, safety, access to markets, and affordability. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the United Arab Emirates food distribution systems and how consumer behavior changed in reaction to interruptions in the food supply chain and the food security problem. Hypothesis testing was used in the study's quantitative methodology to assess consumer behavior, and participants who were consumers were given a descriptive questionnaire to ascertain whether the availability and security of food had been impacted. The study used JASP 0.17.2 software to develop a model of food consumption behavior and to reveal pertinent connections between each construct. Results show that consumer food stress and consumption behavior are directly impacted by food access, food quality and safety, and food pricing. Furthermore, food stress has an impact on how consumers behave when it comes to consumption. Food stress, however, is not significantly influenced by food supply.

Exploring the Preference of Corporations for Sponsorship Motives and the Impact of Sponsorship Motives on Sponsoring Intention in Post-Epidemic Era: Using Two Different Approaches-FPR and SEM

The aim of this study is to explore the preference of corporations for sponsorship motives and the impact of sponsorship motives on sponsoring intention in the post-epidemic era of COVID-19. Taking a Taiwanese company as a case study, a total of 60 expert groups comprising 300 respondents (the management of the sampled companies) were surveyed in the post-epidemic period, with data being collected from 60 sampled companies in February-May 2022. Data were analyzed by using two different functional approaches, including fuzzy preference relations (FPR) for the first survey (study 1) and structural equation model (SEM) for the second survey (study 2). Results reveal that corporate image is the most preferential motive of sponsorship and also demonstrates the most significant and positive influence on sponsoring intention. Meanwhile, the measured factor of performing corporate social responsibility (CSR) appears the most correlated with the construct of corporate image. Based on the results, the study can fully fill the gap between sponsorship motives and sponsoring intention in sponsorship knowledge. Additionally, the conjunction of FPR and SEM can also create methodological synergies, namely, enhancing complementary effects and achieving better holistic analysis. Findings also suggest that special attention should be paid to CSR, which plays a pivotal role in affecting the decision of corporations for sponsorship motives and sponsoring intention and, in a post-epidemic era, continuing to develop CSR actions to enhance corporate image can be the best strategy while facing internal and external challenges of implementing sustainable development (SD).

Revisiting online academic networks within the COVID-19 pandemic – From the intellectual capital of knowledge networks towards institutional knowledge capitalization

Purpose: The study sets out to explore the mediating role of intellectual capital (IC) dimensions (i.e. human, structural and relational) between scholars' affiliation to online academic networks and institutional knowledge capitalization. Online academic networks are tackled through the lens of knowledge networks which have been of primary importance for new relevant knowledge acquisition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire-based survey of 305 academics from 35 different countries was conducted from July to December 2021, employing a partial least squares structural equation modelling technique. The database was initially filtered to ensure the adequacy of the sample, and data were analyzed using the statistics software package SmartPLS 3.0. Findings: Evidence was brought forward that the proposed conceptual model accounted for 52.5% of the variance in institutional knowledge capitalization, the structural and relational capital availed by knowledge networks exerting strong positive influence on the dependent variable. Research limitations/implications: The study has both research and managerial implications in that it approaches a topical phenomenon, namely the capitalization of online academic networks in the COVID-19 context, which has dramatically altered the way that research and teaching are conducted worldwide. Originality/value: The most important contribution of the paper resides in the comprehensive research model advanced which covers individual, organizational and network multifaced layers, starting with the personal and institutional motives to join a specialized network, continuing with the opportunities provided by knowledge networks in terms of intellectual capital harnessing, and ending with its influence on higher education organizations. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Intellectual Capital is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Self-Directed Learning Predicts Online Learning Engagement in Higher Education Mediated by Perceived Value of Knowing Learning Goals

Online education has made it possible to implement the "classes suspended but learning continues" policy during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the intangible sense of the online educational setting requires self-directed learning (SDL) and may force students to know the goals of learning that may impact their engagement. To understand the effect, based on situated expectancy-value theory, this study considered SDL as attitude and approach and constructed a research model to explore the mediating power of perceived value of knowing learning goals (PVKLG) related to participants' online learning engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown. Data were collected from 497 higher education students in China. After the confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling, the results reported that SDL attitude and approach positively predicted learning engagement mediated by PVKLG. The results suggest that only when students have a high level of PVKLG will they be able to regulate their learning process through the two types of SDL and enhance their engagement in online learning contexts during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Investigating Factors That Influence College Students' Online Continuous Learning Intention during COVID-19 Epidemic

This study aims to explore university students' continuous intention toward online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 120 students enrolled in online learning were surveyed to collect their perception of an extended model by adding task value to the expectation-confirmation model. Structural equation modeling was employed to verify the hypotheses proposed in this study. The results indicated that task value and technology usefulness were significant predictors of students' continuous intention toward online learning. More specifically, technology usefulness had a direct impact on students' continuous intention, while students' perceived task value played an indirect role in the prediction of their continuous intention. However, the impacts of both confirmation and satisfaction were not statistically significant on students' continuous intention. The results suggest that practitioners and researchers should pay special attention to the technological usefulness of online learning environments and task value, especially task value, in order to enhance students' retention of online learning. This study would contribute to implications to better design and implement online learning. © 2023 IEEE.

Team Success: A Mixed Methods Approach to Evaluating Virtual Team Leadership Behaviors

The virtuality of organizational teams have gained interest and popularity in recent years, and have become more prevalent amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizational productivity and team relationship-building may suffer certain pitfalls in virtual communication and support without the understanding of the dynamics of short-term, project-based virtual teams. The manuscript aimed to expand what is currently known about short-term virtual team dynamics related to types of effective leadership behaviors. The present study employed a mixed method approach to understanding the dynamics of these teams at both the individual and team level. Small teams were formed and instructed to collaborate on a virtual survival task. Team-related outcomes were measured at the individual level, such as team coordination, team support, and team success. Additionally, distinct latent profiles of leadership behaviors were developed and analyzed at the team level. Team support, more so than team coordination, significantly predicted team success at the individual level, with instrumental support having the strongest effect. Distinct leadership behaviors emerged in teams and were classified through a latent profile analysis, but none of the profiles were significantly related to team performance scores. Demonstrating instrumental support in short-term virtual teams may improve team success. It is important to understand that distinct leadership behaviors exist and future research should explore the impact of these leadership behaviors on other team-related outcomes. © 2023 by the authors.

A Three-Stage Hybrid SEM-BN-ANN Approach for Analyzing Airport Service Quality

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has impacted the aviation industry worldwide. Several restrictions and regulations have been implemented to prevent the virus's spread and maintain airport operations. To recover the trustworthiness of air travelers in the new normality, improving airport service quality (ASQ) is necessary, ultimately increasing passenger satisfaction in airports. This research focuses on the relationship between passenger satisfaction and the ASQ dimensions of airports in Thailand. A three-stage analysis model was conducted by integrating structural equation modeling, Bayesian networks, and artificial neural networks to identify critical ASQ dimensions that highly impact overall satisfaction. The findings reveal that airport facilities, wayfinding, and security are three dominant dimensions influencing overall passenger satisfaction. This insight could help airport managers and operators recover passenger satisfaction, increase trustworthiness, and maintain the efficiency of the airports in not only this severe crisis but also in the new normality.

Determinants of students' satisfaction with digital classroom services: moderating effect of students' level of study

Purpose: Like every other sector, educational institutions have also been suffering immensely due to COVID-19 pandemic. Many educational institutions are now adopting digital classroom services. However, an online platform with the need for appropriate technology and infrastructure from the students' perspective poses a severe challenge to developing countries like Bangladesh. The paper aims to figure out the relevant factors that affect the extent of student satisfaction with digital classroom services at the school and tertiary levels. Design/methodology/approach: It is a quantitative study of 450 students from Bangladesh who encountered online classes during the pandemic of COVID-19. An equal number of students from all levels, including schools, colleges and tertiary stages, participated in the survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to interpret the data. Structural equation modeling using AMOS graphic software is incorporated to test the study's hypothesis. Findings: Among all the four determinants of student satisfaction during this critical era, all levels look satisfied with the three underlying influences: technological, convenience and resource-related factors. However, school-level students found the digital classroom services abrasive with Internet connectivity and technical structures during online classes and exams. Research limitations/implications: A comprehensive study can assess the difference between private and public university students in this regard. In addition, the impact of gender and/or location (rural/urban area) can be assessed by using the same model of the study. Practical implications: Having the experience of the students' satisfaction level during this pandemic, the government, educational institutions and other stakeholders can take away the findings of the results to have a better plan for Internet-based education at every level. Originality/value: The study is unique to see the readiness of developing nations such as Bangladesh to focus on the sudden uncertainty like a pandemic in introducing the digital education platform. The study can add value to achieving the country's sustainable development goal of becoming a digitally enabled regional education hub. © 2023, Md Abdul Momen, Seyama Sultana, Md. Anamul Hoque, Shamsul Huq Bin Shahriar and Abu Sadat Muhammad Ashif.

A Documentary Review on Private School Human Resource Management During Disruption Era

This preliminary study aimed to identify attributes for observed and latent variables. A documentary review was employed to investigate the attributes for latent variables, namely technological integration, disruptive leadership, and organizational transformation while the observed variable was human resource management during the disruption era. The findings revealed that there are six attributes for human resource management during the disruption era, four attributes for technological integration, five attributes for disruptive leadership, and four attributes for organizational transformation. All these variables and their attributes are going to investigate using structural equation modeling in order to explore relations between observed and latent variables.

Keep Calm and Go Out: Urban Nature Exposure, Mental Health, and Perceived Value during the COVID-19 Lockdown

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of incorporating nature-based solutions in urban design, in order to create sustainable and resilient cities. Inspired by these events, the present study aims at exploring the mental health benefits of nature exposure during the outbreak. Secondarily, we investigate changes in use patterns towards urban green spaces (UGS) and urban blue spaces (UBS) and whether extreme conditions, such as these of a lockdown, can lead to an increase in people's appreciation of urban nature. Through an online survey, we observed that the pandemic resulted in a decrease in the frequency of visitation to UGS/UBS (p < 0.001). Significant differences were found for exercise (p < 0.001) and socialization (p < 0.05) as main drivers for visiting urban nature pre- and post-lockdown. Accordingly, visitation rates for forests (p < 0.05), playgrounds (p < 0.001), and the sea (p < 0.001) differed significantly when comparing the two periods. In people's perception, UGS/UBS are important for the urban fabric (89%). Our structural equation model indicated that nature exposure had a beneficial effect on participants' mental health (p < 0.001). Pathways that explain the relationship between nature exposure and post- lockdown value were nature relatedness, motivation, and perceived importance of UGS/UBS. No mediation could be extracted for nature exposure and mental health. Our findings show the positive association between nature exposure and mental health improvement, especially in times of crisis, as well as a shift in the "value domain” towards urban nature.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and conspiracy endorsement - the mediating role of epistemic trust and personality functioning: A representative study during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aim: Conspiracy endorsement has gained much attention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it constitutes a major public health challenge that is associated with reduced adherence to preventative measures. However, little is known about the developmental backdrops and personality characteristics that render an individual prone to conspiracy endorsement. There is a growing body of evidence implying a detrimental role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) - a highly prevalent burden - in the development of epistemic trust and personality functioning. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement as well as the mediating role of epistemic trust and personality functioning. Method(s): Analyses are based on cross-sectional representative data of the German population collected during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 2501). Structural equation modelling (SEM) with personality functioning (OPD-SQS) and epistemic trust (ETMCQ) as mediators of the association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement were conducted. Result(s): In total, 20.4% (n = 508) of all participants endorsed conspiracies. There was a significant association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement (beta = 0.25, p < 0.001;explained variance 6%). The variance of conspiracy endorsement increased to 19% after adding epistemic trust and personality functioning as mediators (beta = 0.12, p < 0.001), indicating a partial mediation and direct prediction from these mediators. Fit indices demonstrated a good model fit. Conclusion(s): Evidence on the far-reaching and detrimental effects of early childhood adversities are further increased by demonstrating an association between ACEs and conspiracy endorsement. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms by including epistemic trust and personality functioning.Copyright © 2023

Hospitality employees' technology adoption at the workplace: evidence from a meta-analysis

PurposeThis research aims to use meta-analytical structural equation modeling to look into how hospitality employees use technology at work. It further investigates if the relationship between the constructs of the technology acceptance model (TAM) is moderated by job level (supervisory versus non-supervisory) and different cultures (eastern versus western).Design/methodology/approachIn total, 140 relationships from 30 empirical studies (N = 6,728) were used in this study's data analysis in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis.FindingsThe findings demonstrated that perceived usefulness had a greater influence on "user attitudes” and "acceptance intention” than perceived ease of use. This study also identified that the effect sizes of relationships among TAM constructs appeared to be greater for supervisory employees or in eastern cultures than for those in non-supervisory roles or western cultures.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable information for practitioners to increase the adoption of employee technology. Practitioners need to focus on the identification of hospitality employee attitudes, social norms and perceived ease of use. Moreover, hospitality practitioners should be cautious when promoting the adoption of new technologies to employees, as those at different levels may respond differently.Originality/valueThis is the very first empirical investigation to meta-analyze the predictive power of the TAM in the context of hospitality staff technology adoption at the workplace. The findings also demonstrated differences in the predictive power of TAM constructs according to job level and cultural differences.

Perceived Attitudes Toward Vaccines, Trust and Vaccination Behaviors

Objectives: The decision-making process for taking vaccination is influenced by a multitude of factors such as individual beliefs concerning vaccinations, trust in contextual forces, and sociodemographic. This study established a model to understand the relationship between people's beliefs in the safety, importance and effectiveness of vaccines, their trust in the medical advice from the government and doctors and their behaviors of having their children vaccinated from infectious diseases in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). Method(s): We structured a structural equation model with two latent variables, Motivation and Trust, and their relationships with the vaccination taking behavior. Motivation is constructed by people's beliefs in the safety, importance and effectiveness of vaccines and trust is constructed by people's trust in government, medical providers and scientists. This study used the 2018 Wellcome Global Monitor dataset and focused on people in 80 LMIC. The countries were divided into eight geographic regions: Eastern Africa, Central & Southern Africa, Norther Africa & Middle East, Western Africa, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Southern& Eastern Europe. Result(s): The latent variable Motivation is significantly positively associated with parental vaccination behaviors in all geographic areas except for South Asia and Western Africa. South Asia is the only area where the trust in government and medical system, providers had a significant association with vaccination behavior and such association is positive. Conclusion(s): In most LMIC, positive attitudes about vaccines are associated with an improved vaccine rate. Increasing people's belief in vaccines' importance, safety and effectiveness will be essential both for boosting vaccination rates and scaling up a vaccine for COVID-19. In South Asia, trust in the government and the public health system are important in deciding taking vaccines. In these countries, policymakers need to think of ways to improve people's trust in the public health system and further effectively communicate important health messages.Copyright © 2023

Fear of making a mistake-Largest cause of stress for staff in COVID-19 ICU's

Background: Work stress among healthcare staff has been identified as an extensive problem already before the pandemic. To be able to treat the surge of COVID-19 patients in need of intensive care COVID-19 ICUs were swiftly set up and staffed. The aim of this study was to investigate what staff perceived as most stressful. Material(s) and Method(s): During spring 2020 up to 270 COVID-19 patients were simultaneously treated in ICU's in the greater Stockholm and Sormland regions, upholding 100 ICU beds pre-pandemic.1 Staff reactions to work in a COVID-19 ICU was collected in a survey. Nine causes for stress were scored on a five graded likert like scale from does not agree to fully agrees. 612 nurses and physicians, both regular ICU staff and newcomers, working in ICU's in 2 larger and 3 smaller hospitals responded, (response rate approx. 35%). Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling to calculate loading of each factor. Result(s): The highest scoring cause of stress was "making a mistake". "Getting infected" got the lowest score among the 9 predefined causes. Conclusion(s): Clinicians working in COVID-19 ICUs were generally confident not to get infected at work. Commitment to maintain patient safety and frustration not to live up to standards of care in this strained situation was reflected in "making a mistake" and "relatives cannot visit" scoring as the number one and three out of the nine causes of stress. Increased knowledge about work-related stressors is crucial, in order to prevent detrimental impacts of such stressors.

The Influence of Social Media and Sustainability Advocacy on the Purchase Intention of Filipino Consumers in Fast Fashion

The large consumption of fast fashion brings many negative environmental impacts. Filipino consumers love and buy fast fashion because it is relatively cheap but trendy, and there are lots of fashionable designs to choose from. Despite the shortage in water supply and disposal issues of fast fashion, people still continue to purchase. The lack of awareness of consumers on sustainable fashion consumption led the researchers to conduct a study that aims to identify factors affecting Filipino consumers' buying decisions on fast fashion using the combined theory of planned behavior, elaboration likelihood model, and hedonic motivation. A total of 407 participants were gathered through a convenience sampling approach, and the data collected were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The result shows that attitude towards fast fashion is the highest contributing factor to purchase intention. While social media positively affects purchase intention, sustainability advocacy negatively impacts the consumers' intention to buy fast fashion. The awareness of sustainability leads to consumption reduction of fast fashion garments. Surprisingly, perceived product price and quality do not show a significant influence on purchase intention. Incorporating sustainability advocacy on social media may be a great strategy to encourage the sustainable consumption of fashion garments. The findings of this study could be a great tool to influence fashion companies and government institutions to promote sustainability awareness and transition marketing strategies to the sustainable consumption of fashion.

Will teachers continue to teach online post-COVID-19?

Numerous studies have captured the experiences of teachers teaching online, but the current 'emergency' to teach online is unprecedented and has been challenging. Grounded in the theory of cognitive dissonance, this paper attempts to recapitulate the experiences of university teachers and analyses whether they have developed the consonant cognitions to teach online during the pandemic period or would they prefer switching back to 'normal' teaching as soon as the circumstances permit. Technology-enabled teaching has been found to be complex as it mandates teaching in a computerised setting and lacks an element of social interaction, which is at the heart of face-to-face teaching. Using Structural Equation Modelling, this study presents the determining factors that motivate teachers to embrace technology-driven teaching more convincingly. The study finds that in the absence of adequate training imparted to the teachers for developing technological and pedagogical knowledge (TPK), high psychological capital and facilitating conditions are the two most important factors ensuring teaching proficiency, creating positive online experiences and a continued intention to teach online.

Structural equation modeling for explaining preventive health practices of rural adults in the new normal context of COVID-19 pandemic

The effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not only limited to health, they also impinge on the social life and economy of communities around the globe. Challenges faced by developing countries such as Bangladesh were multi-factorial and its rural population was highly vulnerable in this situation due to their cultural and sociodemographic context. Preventive behavioral changes were considered the best way to fight against the virus in absence of specific treatment and vaccines. This study has tried to explain preventive health practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, and aimed to explore the causal relationships of its major determinants through structural equation modeling (SEM) based on reasoned action approach (RAA). This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among 810 rural Bangladeshi respondents aged 18-55 years. Around half of the respondents showed poor knowledge, motivation and practice regarding COVID-19 and its prevention. Along with socio-demographic factors, information, attitude, motivation, and intention of the people were found to be associated with the adoption of preventive health practices. The causal model of the COVID-19 prevention behaviors was assessed and justified through SEM. The model fits well with the empirical data (GFI=0.94, CFI=0.97, NFI=0.97, RMSEA=0.05, SRMR=0.04). Intention significantly influenced COVID-19 prevention behavior directly, showing the highest effect (β=0.89, p<0.001). Attitude (β=0.83, p<0.001) and motivation (β=0.15, p<0.001) also showed significant direct effects on intention. All the predictors together explained 79.6% of the variance for COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, proper motivation, and positive intention can encourage rural adults to adopt healthy behaviors against COVID-19. The theoretical model of the study effectively explained COVID-19 preventive behaviors rationally and provided a roadmap for policy-makers to formulate strategies to combat COVID-19 and any future similar pandemic. © 2023, Mahidol University - ASEAN Institute for Health Development. All rights reserved.

A Structural Equation Model to Analyze the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic Risks on Project Success: Contractors' Perspectives

The purpose of this paper is to capture the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 emerging risks on construction projects' success in developing countries from the contractors' perspective. To achieve this, we collected data from Iraqi construction industry and conducted the following multistage research methodology: (1) preliminary investigation with four construction contractors to identify the success indicators of construction projects;(2) focus group session with 11 experts to identify the COVID-19 emerging risks for the construction industry;(3) semistructured interviews with seven construction experts to develop several hypotheses on the effect of COVID-19 emerging risks on project success;(4) survey data collection from 99 construction contractors;and (5) development of a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the effects of COVID-19 emerging risks on project success. The results of the SEM analysis show that financial market (FM)-related risks, supply chain operations (SCO)-related risks, health and safety of construction workforce (HSCW)-related risks, organizational implications (OI)-related risks, and contractual implications (CI)-related risks have a significant impact on construction projects success. CI-related risks have the strongest total effects on project success, followed by OI-related risks, FM-related risks, HSCW-related risks, and SCO-related risks, respectively. The results also emphasis the significant mediation role of CI between COVID-19 emerging risks and project success. This study contributes to the body of knowledge and contracting companies by helping researchers and construction contractors to better understand how the key risk factors emerging from extreme conditions like the COVID-19 pandemic affect construction projects' success and may serve as a guideline for developing effective response strategies. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Investigating the Impact of the Community of Inquiry Presence on Online Learning Satisfaction: A Chinese College Student Perspective.

Purpose: This study investigated how teaching, social, and cognitive presence within the community of inquiry (CoI) framework impacts Chinese college students' online learning satisfaction through self-regulated learning and emotional states. Methods: A total of 2608 Chinese college students from 112 universities completed a 38-item Likert scale survey measuring teaching, social and cognitive presence, self-regulated learning, emotional states, and online learning satisfaction after COVID-19 restrictions were lifted on December 7, 2022. The study examined the influence of teaching, social, and cognitive presence on online learning satisfaction, mediated by self-regulated learning and moderated by emotional states using SmartPLS. It also analyzed demographic differences using multi-group analysis in the model. Results: The results indicated a significant positive relationship between a) self-regulated learning and online learning satisfaction, b) teaching presence, cognitive presence, and self-regulated learning, but no relationship between social presence and self-regulated learning. Additionally, self-regulated learning partially mediated the relationship between teaching and cognitive presence and online learning satisfaction. In contrast, self-regulated learning did not mediate the association between social presence and online learning satisfaction. Positive emotional states moderated the relationship between self-regulated learning and online learning satisfaction. Implications: The study advances the knowledge of these factors influencing online learners' satisfaction, which can help create efficient programs and regulations for students, teachers, and policymakers.